Conclusion
OpenDyslexic, Dyslexie Font, et compagnie ? Franchement, c’est surtout du marketing bien emballé !
Arrêtons d’entretenir l’illusion selon laquelle les polices dites « pour dyslexiques » (comme OpenDyslexic ou Dyslexie) seraient miraculeuses. Leur popularité tient surtout au fait que les arguments commerciaux exploitent la dimension émotionnelle en laissant espérer qu’elles pourraient « soigner » la dyslexie.
Or, les données scientifiques disponibles sont claires à ce sujet : elles ne montrent pas d’effet bénéfique des soi-disant “polices pour dyslexiques”. Lorsque des améliorations de performance ont été observées, elles ne provenaient pas du style de police en lui-même, mais de leur espacement accru entre les lettres. De plus, un enfant dyslexique, devenu adulte, sera confronté à des textes rédigés avec des polices classiques et non avec ces polices spécialisées. Ainsi, la stratégie la plus pertinente consiste à utiliser une police courante, de type sans serif (c’est-à-dire dépourvue de petits traits), et à augmenter légèrement l’espacement entre les lettres.
En résumé, pour améliorer la lisibilité, il est plutôt recommandé :
- de privilégier des polices sans empattement claires (Arial, Verdana, …),
- d’augmenter l’espacement entre les lettres et les mots,
- d’adapter la taille de la police.
Pour les enseignants et les parents, il est donc recommandé de tester différentes combinaisons de police, taille et espacement, plutôt que de se fier uniquement à une police « dyslexie ».
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Source images : medianes.org
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